Fast charged particles can capture electrons {charge exchange}, become neutral, and escape atmosphere, because magnetic field does not attract them. Earth hydrogen loss is mostly by this process.
Magnetic particles can travel out from poles {polar wind}, along magnetic field lines that do not close. Earth hydrogen loss is partly by this process. Earth helium loss is mostly by this process.
Gaseous planets can lose gas by evaporation from atmosphere top {Jeans escape}. Earth hydrogen loss is partly by this process.
Gaseous planets can lose gas by high heating and upward airflow {hydrodynamic escape}, sweeping all molecule weights along.
5-Astronomy-Solar System-Planet
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Date Modified: 2022.0225